Abstract:Soil and water conservation is of great significance to ecological environmental protection and sustainable economic and social development. Through the implementation of the supervision and inspection of soil and water conservation of the 2022 production and construction project in Shandong Province, the existing problems of the production and construction project in program preparation and design, management and protection of waste slag pile,implementation of soil and water conservation measures, monitoring and supervision, acceptance of soil and water conservation facilities, and organizational management were summarized, and the causes of the problems were analyzed in depth. Therefore, the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, such as strengthening publicity and training of soil and water conservation, improving the working guarantee mechanism of soil and water conservation, enhancing the efficiency of supervision of soil and water conservation, strengthening the construction of technical support capacity, and strengthening the supervision and law enforcement of soil and water conservation.