模块化废水处理集成技术在农村生活污水治理中应用

Application of Modular Wastewater Treatment Integration Technology in Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment

摘要:

新农村及美丽乡村建设对乡村生态环境提出了更高要求，但农村地区生活污水管理粗放，仍存在未经处理肆意排放等现象，给土壤和当地水源带来污染和破坏。为减轻农村污染现状，该研究以花叶芦竹、香蒲为湿地植物，以人工湿地填料为基质，构建垂直流—一级水平潜流一二级水平潜流的组合模块化人工湿地集成系统处理生活污水，探讨模块化人工湿地集成技术对农村生活污水的及季节变化对去除效果的影响。结果表明，模块化集成人工湿地对农村生活污水具有良好的处理能力，对BOD₅、COD，SS，NH₄?N，TN，TP 的平均去除率为90.4%、83%、92.9%、78.5%、78%、82.7%。季节气候变化下该集成技术对污染物的去除效果，除SS受季节变化影响较小，其余指标受季节变化较大，去除能力规律是：夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季。

Abstract:

The construction of program of new countryside and beautiful villages puts forward higher requirements for the rural ecological environment. However, the extensive management of domestic sewage in rural areas results in negative phenomena such as unauthorized discharge without treatment, which pollutes and damages the soil and local water sources. To alleviate the current rural pollution, this study constructed a combined modular constructed wetland integration system of vertical flow-primary horizontal subsurface flow-secondary horizontal subsurface flow, with Arundo donax var. versicolor and Typha orientalis as wetland plants and constructed wetland fillers as substrates, to explore the removal effect of the modular constructed wetland integration technology on rural domestic sewage and the influence of seasonal changes. The results show that the modular integrated constructed wetland has a good treatment capacity for rural domestic sewage, with average removal rates of 90.4%, 83%, 92.9%, 78.5%, 78% and 82.7% for BOD₅, COD, SS, NH₄-N, TN and TP respectively. Under seasonal climate changes, the removal effect of this integration technology on pollutants varies greatly with seasons except for SS, which is less affected. The rule of removal capacity is:summer ＞autumn ＞spring ＞winter.