机载激光雷达与无人船协同的水库库容计算研究

Research on Reservoir Storage Calculation Based on the Collaboration of Airborne LIDAR and Unmanned Boat

摘要:

针对传统水库库容计算方法效率低、精度不足问题,提出一种基于机载雷达与无人船协同测量的计算水库库容的方法。以山东省头水库为研究对象,采用无人机搭载激光雷达采集水上地形数据,结合无人船进行水下地形测量,通过多源数据融合技术生成 0.5 m 分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)。利用DEM方格网法计算库容,并与等高线法及历史“三查三定”成果进行核对验证。结果表明:DEM 方格网法与等高线法的库容曲线最大相对误差为±4.97%, 验证了方法的可靠性;新测库容与历史数据对比显示,变化趋势相同,但存在一定差异,主要因测量技术升级及库区地形变化所致。无人机与无人船协同技术能够高效获取水陆一体化地形数据,结合 DEM 方格网法可显著提升库容计算精度,为水库动态监测与科学管理提供了技术支撑。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and insufficient accuracy of traditional reservoir storage calculation methods, this paper proposes a new method for calculating reservoir storage based on the collaborative measurement of airborne LIDAR and unmanned boat. Taking the Gutou reservoir in Shandong Province as the research object, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with LIDAR is used to collect above-water topographic data, combined with an unmanned boat for underwater topographic survey. A digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 0.5 m is generated through multi-source data fusion technology. The DEM grid method is used to calculate the storage capacity, which is verified by comparison with the contour line method and the historical results of the "three inspections and three determinations". The results show that the maximum relative error of the storage capacity curve between the DEM grid method and the contour line method is ± 4.97%, which verifies the reliability of the method. The comparison between the newly measured storage capacity and historical data shows that the trends are the same but there are certain differences, mainly due to the upgrading of measurement technology and changes in the topographic features of the reservoir area. The collaborative technology of UAV and unmanned boat can efficiently obtain integrated land and water topographic data, and the combination with the DEM grid method can significantly improve the accuracy of reservoir storage calculation, providing technical support for dynamic monitoring and scientific management of reservoirs.