In recent years, abnormal high temperatures in summer and autumn and sudden rainstorms in the flood season have increased the risk of eutrophication in water source reservoirs. How to promptly respond to local outbreaks of algal blooms and strengthen subsequent management measures has become an important challenge for water source management authorities. Taking a reservoir in Jinan as an example, this paper elaborates on the process of the sudden cyanobacterial bloom incident in the summer and autumn of 2021, and summarizes the emergency treatment measures and long-term control strategies adopted, aiming to provide a reference for water source reservoir management authorities.