Taking the Sanzhuang River small watershed in Rizhao as an example, this paper uses the instantaneous unit hydrograph method to derive the flood peak discharge of the small watershed based on field research, data analysis, and measured rainfall data of a certain flood event in 2024. It conducts a review of the flood and infers the runoff generation and confluence laws, so as to provide references for scientifically setting early warning thresholds, optimizing mountain flood disaster prevention plans and river flood control schemes.